Indiana Jones Knowledge Issues Essay Example

Indiana Jones Knowledge Issues Paper How did Indiana Jones and his father, Dr. Henry Jones Sr. , differ in their ways of accumulating knowledge in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade? Both Indiana Jones, Indy, and his father Dr. Henry Jones Sr. , have one common goal of finding the ultimate truth and in this case that being the Holy Grail. Though both have the same objective in mind, they approach this objective in two different ways. Indy uses reason, logic, and emotion while his father uses faith and emotion. Indy represents the new, modern scientific portion of society while this father still reverts to the old methods of faith and emotion. Throughout the movie, Indy uses reason to justify his actions which changes when his father is kidnapped which then adds emotion to the equation. The knowledge that both Indy and his father are trying to attain is the location of the Holy Grail. Indys father is very religious and has been throughout his lifetime whereas Indy has modernized and become one that uses his own reasoning to rationalize his expeditions. Indiana Jones approaches finding truth throughout the movie different to that of his father. In the first scene of the movie, Indy is seen trying to play hero as he steals the Cross of Coronado from grave robbers since he believed this special artifact should be in a museum. After stealing this he runs straight home to his father who instead of giving time to Indy, continues his religious research. The grave robbers tell the police that Indy is the thief therefore Indy must return the Cross of Coronado to the grave robbers. , Indy is on the boat that holds the Cross of Coronado and wins it back in a big storm. He then donates the Cross of Coronado to his friends museum, Marcus Brody. We will write a custom essay sample on Indiana Jones Knowledge Issues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Indiana Jones Knowledge Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Indiana Jones Knowledge Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indys perseverance is driven by his reason and logic in this instant. He truly believes that since the Cross of Coronado is an ancient artifact, it should belong to society thus be put in a museum for everyone to own/see. He fights the grave robbers for this because his reasoning and logic allows him to become emotional about finding the truth, in case which is the Cross of Coronado. Later on in the book, Indiana Jones is told his father disappeared therefore his emotion forces him to go on a quest to find his father. His emotion coupled with logic and reason leads him to his fathers location. Indys logic is shown as he reads his fathers diary which helps Indy guide himself to his father. His emotion is clearly illuminated when he invades the Nazi rally to capture his father instead of devising a plan that would provide more safety for both he and his father. Towards the very end of the movie, Indiana Jones must combine faith and emotion to save his father. This is exhibited when Walter Donovan shoots his father, therefore forcing Indy to retrieve the Holy Grail in order to save his father. Once of the obstacles that Indy must overcome in order to reach the Holy Grail is walking on an invisible bridge, which tests his faith. After he saves his father, Indy again shows his reason and logic as instead of reaching for the Holy Grail and risking his own life, he lets the Holy Grail go and saves himself along with his father and Marcus Brody. Indiana Jones exhibits reason, logic, and faith when achieving and attaining truth which in the movie is the Cross of Coronado and the Holy Grail. Indys father on the other hand, is a firm believer in faith therefore uses faith and emotion to achieve the truth in relation to him. In the beginning of the movie, Dr. Jones Sr. s faith is demonstrated when Indy come to show his father the Cross of Coronado and his father will not speak to Indy because he is drawing religious figures and symbols in his diary which is his main source of knowledge for the rest of the movie. This scene where Dr. Jones Sr. is drawing religious symbols in his diary shows his devotion to faith and scholarly personality. Once Indy searches for his father, the diary serves as the most important tool because it contains a map with which Indy finds his father and then also contains the three secrets to finding the Holy Grail. Dr. Jones Sr. s primary reason for finding the Holy Grail was based on his religious faith. The intelligence of Indys father is solely based on his religious faith which is then communicated in his diary. Another major way of knowing that Indys father uses is language, may it be images, symbols, and words, which is shown in his diary. He combines his faith and language to create a diary with the answers that Indiana Jones needs to find his father and the Holy Grail. The emotion of Dr. Jones Sr. enters the movie when he is held hostage by the Nazis. His hatred of the Nazis makes him want to find the Holy Grail faster before the Nazis. He couples his emotion with faith in order to guide his son to finding the Holy Grail and saving his life. The differing ways in accumulating the truth for Indiana Jones and his father exhibit the idea that one can come to the same conclusion while taking different paths. Dr. Jones Sr. took the conventional path to finding the Holy Grail while Indiana Jones took the new innovative way of thinking to find the Holy Grail in addition to his fathers guidance.

Free Essays on The Tragedy Of Macbeth

â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth† In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, many things go wrong that lead up to such a great tragedy. Macbeth was persuaded to make many wrong decisions and was said to be seduced by the devil. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth’s attitude towards other characters is significantly affected. The character in a perfect tragedy should be of high status. This is true of Macbeth because throughout the length of the play his status never drops because he ascends from being Thane of Glamis to Thane of Cawdor and finally, to King of Scotland. Macbeth is very ambitious, courageous, and a moral coward: all these things lead to his tragic death at the end of the play. Through the development of this tragedy, Macbeth has turned from a fine-natured person to an evil person. The witches predictions of Macbeth are what led up to Macbeth’s tragedy. If Macbeth would have never ran into the witches who told him of his future, he would have never thought to be king. His evil side was established after he knew he was going to be king, and he didn’t have patience, he had to kill everyone in his way to the throne. His ambition and strong belief in witches had brought him to a tragic end of his life, and caused many people to lose their lives. Macbeth’s ambition defeated his good nature. Macbeth wanted to ensure that he would reach his ambition without problems. It’s fine that Macbeth knew he was going to be king, but the way he chose to get to the throne was the wrong way. He let the fact of becoming king get in his way and change his life for the worse. Macbeth’s life would have been much happier if he let what was said to happen just happen how it was supposed to. He would have lived a much happier life and not a life filled with regret and guilt. All of Macbeth’s actions of getting to the throne backfired on him and led to his downfall. Macbeth would have never guessed that Macduff wou... Free Essays on The Tragedy Of Macbeth Free Essays on The Tragedy Of Macbeth â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth† In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, many things go wrong that lead up to such a great tragedy. Macbeth was persuaded to make many wrong decisions and was said to be seduced by the devil. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth’s attitude towards other characters is significantly affected. The character in a perfect tragedy should be of high status. This is true of Macbeth because throughout the length of the play his status never drops because he ascends from being Thane of Glamis to Thane of Cawdor and finally, to King of Scotland. Macbeth is very ambitious, courageous, and a moral coward: all these things lead to his tragic death at the end of the play. Through the development of this tragedy, Macbeth has turned from a fine-natured person to an evil person. The witches predictions of Macbeth are what led up to Macbeth’s tragedy. If Macbeth would have never ran into the witches who told him of his future, he would have never thought to be king. His evil side was established after he knew he was going to be king, and he didn’t have patience, he had to kill everyone in his way to the throne. His ambition and strong belief in witches had brought him to a tragic end of his life, and caused many people to lose their lives. Macbeth’s ambition defeated his good nature. Macbeth wanted to ensure that he would reach his ambition without problems. It’s fine that Macbeth knew he was going to be king, but the way he chose to get to the throne was the wrong way. He let the fact of becoming king get in his way and change his life for the worse. Macbeth’s life would have been much happier if he let what was said to happen just happen how it was supposed to. He would have lived a much happier life and not a life filled with regret and guilt. All of Macbeth’s actions of getting to the throne backfired on him and led to his downfall. Macbeth would have never guessed that Macduff wou...

MGT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGT - Essay Example FoldRite Furniture Company was started in the year 1986. The company has been operation with the management being involved in a number of initiatives that have been aimed at its continued growth and profitability. The company operated in a very competitive environment and there was always a need to be more innovative in order to stay ahead. In 2006, there was a change in ownership which warranted some changes in management. However, the company had experienced a growth rate of over 3.5% from 1999 to 2006. This is evidenced by the increase in revenues from $47.5M to $60.3M. This recorded growth was well above that of the industry at the time. However, the company had a cyclic nature at this time as there was a growth and decline sort of scenario which was occasioned by a financial turmoil and loss of yields and general decline in productivity occasioned by high staff turnover. The turnover of staff meant that the company was mainly reliant on the inexperienced staff members at most ti mes. There was also an increase in the production lead time and increased margins. In 2007, the company began undergoing a transformation that was started when a new CEO was recruited. The new CEO, Marshal Epstein only made two changes to the structure of the organization and these proved to be vital in its rejuvenation. The first major change was that he reduced the number of products that the company offered while at the same time embarked on the consolidation of manufacturing. The other major change was that he reduced the lead time to a maximum of a fortnight and also made sure that the shipping policy was changed to reflect only two days. Despite the recession in the latter years, the company was profitable in 2009. FoldRite has a very dynamic market structure and although the demand for their products is seasonal, they have managed to spread out and rely on a large market base. Currently, the largest market segment is the

Bitcoins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bitcoins - Essay Example These bitcoins serve as money for all types of payments and receipts on the web. Individuals can maintain their own bitcoin wallet, where these bitcoins are debited or credited. Since this is a peer-to-peer currency, it does not require any central authority to issue currency or track transactions (The Economic Times, 2014). The concept of bitcoins was first published in a newspaper in 2008. However, it was only in 2009 that the first online wallet software for transacting bitcoins was released. It was called Bitcoin-Qt. Nonetheless, this software initially was poorly developed and many of its features were exploited to create more and more bitcoins. Later on, a team of core developers and experts of software were employed to monitor, develop and enhance the bitcoin way of transacting. Since then, use of bitcoins has rapidly increased. Also, there have been considerable fluctuations in the price of bitcoins. The price of bitcoins had reached its peak in 2013, during the Cypriot financial crisis. From the initial days of inception, the bitcoin system has suffered plenty of glitches with respect to technology and software system that it was based on. This was largely due to lack of proper governance and management of the software. The system was found to crash multiple times. So, individuals were not real ly eager to use it as a system of online money. Bitcoins were largely used in online gaming versions, where individuals on winning points were credited with bitcoins. Hence, only youngsters and teenagers were found to take interest in this system. Soon as greater regulations were incorporated in this sector, bitcoin exchanges were regulated whereby they were required to submit reports of bitcoin transfers. Gradually, more and more business firms and non-profit groups started to accept this form of exchange. Currently, BTC China, which is a Chinese bitcoin exchange, is the largest bitcoin exchange in the world by virtue of trade volume.

Project Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Risk Management - Assignment Example Project description The new intranet communication system is computer based and it helps to link different departments within the company. This has been necessitated by the fact that the company’s operations have been negatively impacted by poor communication systems. Poor coordination between different departments has led to poor products which do not meet the needs of the customers. This project is anticipated to take six months in order for the new system to be fully operational. Project scope and objectives The scope of the project is to revamp the communication system of Furniture World in order to improve its communication system. The broad objective of the project is to improve the effectiveness of communication among employees so that they pull their efforts towards the attainment of the same goals. The other objective is to improve coordination among the employees so that they are aware of their role expectations. This can significantly contribute to improvement of th e products manufactured. Project overview Basically, a project can be described as a series of linked activities that are carried by an organisation and they are aimed at achieving a specific objective (Hellriegel, 2001). In this case, the aim of the project is to computerise the communication system of Furniture world. ... There is also need to develop software that supports the intranet communication system and there is need to train the human resources to use the new system. The budget for this particular project is set at $2 000Â  000 and it is expected to be completed in six months. Probable risks and their impacts According to Yeates & Cadle (1996), risk in project management is inevitable and it has to be taken into consideration when implementing a project in order for it to be a success. This assertion is also supported by Morris (2008) who posits to the effect that some situations are unavoidable due to uncertainties that may be encountered in the environment in which the organisation operates. In this case the following risks are expected to be encountered during the implementation of the project. Budget constraints are likely to be encountered since there may be need to hire more human resources in the implementation of this project. Jones (2007) posits to the effect that financial risks ar e a major threat to the implementation of any given project since it may fail to reach its objectives. The source of this risk is mainly as a result of poor project management. Resistance to change by the employees is another risk that is likely to affect this project. According to Werner (2003), resistance to change is mainly a result of general fear for the unknown or lack of information about the new initiative among the employees. This can derail the project according to (Rossouw et al, 2003). The other risk is related to lack of technical knowledge among the people involved in the implementation of the project. According to Waring & Glendon (1998), lack of knowledge about a particular project is a risk that may affect its

How can a traumatic experience influence childrens behaviour

How can a traumatic experience influence childrens behaviour How can a traumatic experience influence children’s behaviour? The issues surrounding children’s behaviour after a traumatic experience are complex, multifactorial and often hugely controversial. Having considered the literature on the subject, one could be forgiven for believing that there are as many opinions on the issues as there are people considering the issues. In this review we have attempted to cover as many of the major areas as possible in order to present a reasonably comprehensive overview of the subject. The definition of a traumatic experience is subjective from both the point of view of the child concerned and also form the observer. Some commentators have suggested that the only workable definition of a traumatic experience is one that, by definition, produces demonstrable psychological sequelae. (Abikoff 1987) This may be the case, but as other commentators observe, some psychological sequelae may not surface for years, if at all. This does not mean that the original triggering episode was not traumatic. There is also the view that that the worst kind, or most extreme type of trauma may be the most likely to be actively suppressed at either a conscious or subconscious level. (Haddad Garralda. 1992) Literature Review With an area of literature as vast as the one that we are considering here, it is often difficult to find a place to start. In this instance we will consider the paper by Prof. Harry Zetlin (1995) who starts with a short monograph on the screening of a television programme which dealt with arguably the most catastrophic of stresses to befall a child, that of the loss of a parent through murder or violence. He makes several thought provoking comments which are worthy of consideration as they are germinal to the thrust of this article. The first is a plea that the diagnostic label of post-traumatic stress should not be a catch-all basket for all emotional and behavioural problems that can occur after a traumatic experience. (Gorcey et al.1986) The second is the realisation that in the particular circumstances portrayed on the television where a parent is murdered have two consequences. The first is the obvious catastrophic trauma that the child experiences with the violent loss of a parent, but the second is the much less obvious fact that the child has, at a stroke, also lost a valuable, and normally available resource, of the protective family environment, which is often one of the most useful therapeutic tools available to the therapist. He adds to this two further insights. The first is that the surviving parent has their own trauma to deal with and that is invariably transmitted to the child and that, because such events are mercifully comparatively rare, only a comparatively few professionals are ever able to build up any significant expertise and experience on the subject. The main issue of the piece is, however, the very relevant point that considering the apparent obsession of the media with intrusive fly-on-the-wall documentaries and the almost equally insatiable public hunger for sensation, the very fact that such a programme is made at all, almost inevitably adds to the trauma felt by the victims. (Koss et al 1989) One could argue that actually confronting and talking about such issues is part of the healing process. Such considerations may be of value in the adult who is more able to rationalise the concepts involved, but to the child this may be very much more difficult and being forced to relive the episodes in a very public and unfamiliar arena, may do little more than add to the psychological stresses and damage already caused. (Mayall Gold 1995) This paper offers a wise and considered plea for sense and moderation, not to mention reservation and decency. It is written in calm and considered moderate tones which makes the impact of its message all the more powerful. The next few papers that we would like to analyse deal with the thorny issue of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It has to be commented that there is a considerable body of literature which argues on both sides of the debate about whether ADHD is the result of childhood trauma. One side is presented, quite forcibly, by Bramble (et al. 1998). The authors cite Kewley (1998) as stating that the prime aetiology of ADHD is a genetic neuro-developmental one. They challenge the expressed views that it is a manifestation of early childhood abuse or trauma which can have occurred at some time previously with the words: ..early abuse and trauma later manifest as symptoms and that the detection of these symptoms in children clearly illustrates early trauma is a prime example of the logical fallacy that underpins all psychoanalytical theory and practice. The authors argue that to state because psychotherapy is often effective it must reflect the fact that a traumatic episode must have been responsible because it addresses directly the original emotional trauma (Follette et al.1996), is completely unsound. The natural progression of this argument, they assert, is the reason why many parents of children with ADHD have such difficulty in finding child psychiatrists who can actually help them rather than the many who would seek to blame them for the childs behaviour in the first place. (Breire 1992) The authors take the view that the reason that psychoanalytical practitioners have held so much influence on the profession over the years is that it is only recently that the glare of evidence based medicine has fallen on their discipline. The authors argue that far from using psychotherapeutic tools to try to achieve resolution, the evidence suggests that psycho-stimulant treatment is far more effective (Abikoff 1987) if only because it enhances the therapeutic effect of other forms of treatment such as family therapy and special educational provision. The converse argument, or perhaps an extension of the argument, is presented by Thambirajah (1998) who takes the view that many papers on ADHD (and by inference he is referring to the one reviewed above), regard the syndrome as being a diagnosis made simply by checking an appropriate number of boxes on a check-list. He asserts that factors such as biopsychological circumstances should be weighed equally strongly as the symptom cluster of impulsivity, inattention or hyperactivity. (Tannock 1998) In direct contrast to the preceding paper he states that early traumatic experiences, current abuse or even depression of the mother may all be contributory factors in the aetiology of the condition. He argues that taking no account of these factors is to ignore much of the accumulated evidence and wisdom on the subject. He also makes a very valid point that to ignore these factors and only to use the check-list approach means that here is an over-reliance on the significance of these symptoms and, as a direct result, this leads to an overestimation of prevalence. He points to the obviously erroneous estimate of a study that was based exclusively on check list symptomatology, of 15% (although the study is not quoted). The author makes the very valid point that most psychiatrists would agree that the hyperkinetic disorder is a small sub-group within the ADHD syndrome and that these children may need treatment with stimulants but only after other aetiologies have been excluded. He makes the rather apt comparison of treating all children with ADHD the same way as calling all four legged animals with a tail donkeys. There are a great many more papers on this issue which we could usefully review but we must explore other areas of trauma in a childs life in order to try to give a representative overview. With the possible exception of the situation outlined in the first paper reviewed, there can be few experiences more traumatising to a child than to me made homeless as a refugee in a time of war. The paper by Hodes (et al. 2001) is both heart rending and informative as it explores the health needs of refugees arriving in the UK. Although the paper catalogues all of the health needs (that need not concern us in this article) of the refugees, it does not overlook the psychosocial trauma aspects of the childrens plight. They point to the fact that one way that a childs psychological trauma can be minimised is by being accepted into a peer group such as a school. While this may indeed be true, the problem is that refugee children are seldom seen by their peers as belonging and are therefore seldom completely accepted. (Lewis 1998) This is either aggravated or caused by the fact that they already have twice the rate of psychiatric disorder as found in control groups of children. (Tousignant et al. 1999). It is therefore important to be aware of these problems as they are often very amenable to psychiatric intervention (OShea et al. 2000). The authors quote a paper by Burnett and Peel (2001) who appear to be particularly pessimistic about making a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in children from a fundamentally different culture, as their recovery is thought to be secondary to the reconstruction of their support networks, which may prove particularly difficult in a different or even alien, cultural environment. They point to studies of the children who fled to the USA to escape the Pol Pot regime, who had post-traumatic stress in childhood, and even when followed up 12 years later they quote 35% as still having post traumatic stress and 14% had active depression. (Sack et al. 1999). This may be a reflection of the difficulty in getting appropriate treatment for a condition in a different culture. But, in distinct relevance to our considerations here, the authors comment that even exposure to a single stressor may result in a surprisingly persistent post traumatic stress reaction. (Richards Lovell 1999). The last article that we are going to consider here is a paper by Papineni (2003). This paper has been selected partly because of its direct relevance to our consideration, but also because on a human level, it is a riveting piece of writing. It is entitled Children of bad memories and opens with the quote Every time there is a war there is a rape (Stiglmayer 1994). The whole article is a collection of war-related rape stories and the resultant psychopathology that ensued. The author specifically explores the issues relating to childhood rape and its aftermath. She also considers a related issue and that is how the effect of maternal shame shapes a childs perception of themselves (with heartrending consequences), how the shame felt by the mother is often externalised to affect the child who is the visible symbol of the physical act. (Carpenter 2000) The catalogue of emotion and reaction described in this article by some of the subjects, would almost make an authoritative text book on the consequences of a traumatic experience in childhood. It would be almost impossible to quantify a single negative emotion that was neither articulated nor experienced by the victims, not only of the act of rape, but also of the stigma and aftermath of the act which was often described as the worst aspect of the whole thing. A constant theme that runs trough the paper is the realisation that the presence of a child conceived by a rape is a potent reminder of the trauma and therefore is, in itself a bar to psychological healing. The author also points to the fact that another, almost inevitable consequence of forcible rape, is difficulty with relationships and intimacy which can devastate a childs social development. (Human Rights Watch.1996). Such a child may not only have this burden to bear for its life, but the stigma forced upon it by society may also have untold consequences. The author quotes a child born from the Rwandan conflict, describing itself by different names which bear witness to societys perception, and more accurately and inevitably, the childs perception of itself: children of hate, enfants non-desirÃÆ'Â ©s (unwanted children), or enfants mauvais souvenir (children of bad memories) The author describes how such psychological trauma may never be successfully treated and ends with the very perceptive comment. There cannot be peace without justice, and unless the international community recognises all rape in conflict situations as crimes against humanity, there will be no peace for the victims of such atrocities. Conclusion It is clearly a forlorn hope to cover all of the aspects of trauma and its potential impact on a childs life in one short article. We hope that, by being selective, we have been able to provide the reader with an authoritative insight into some on the problems associated with the subject.

Malevicth red square :: Essays Papers

Malevicth red square The painting Red Square by Russian painter Kasimir Malevich is a particularly interesting piece. It is simple red square on a white background representing a peasant woman. It is an example of the Malevich's unique style of suprematism, which focuses on motion and feeling. The painting was done near the beginning of the twentieth century when science was developing at a rapid rate. Einstein's Theory of Relativity was gaining ground at the time. Malevich's painting seemed to borrow from this theory that attempted to explain relative motion. His suprematism style attempted to capture a neo-realism in painting portraying pure feeling and perception. This new style was communicated by the discarding of natural references. Malevich grew tired of painting in the traditional style with everything looking and feeling the way they are in life. His new style tried to free viewer from their traditional a priori views concerning shape and colors imposed on them by their senses. Suprematist style focuses was on depictions of movement and dynamism. Flight and anti-gravity fascinated Malevich. Much of his paintings were a top down view of the subjects arranged on a white background. The white background represents infinite space, while the subjects were reduced to g eometric blocks. The message of the paintings comes out in the relative position of the blocks to the background. The infinite background of the paintings is to divorce the paintings from the finite earth. Malevich himself said that his paintings "do not belong to the earth exclusively." The paintings sought to transcend to a different level. Malevich's suprematist style sought to take people to the fourth dimension, which was pure sensation. This fourth dimension effect was reached by stripping away the distractions. Malevich's art was made to be felt and he broke down complex characters into the simplest of geometric shapes. The colors that he chose for his subjects were not the ones that were true to life. He did this by choice to get past the human biased way of seeing an object. He was trying to transmit pure sensation. The actual subject is irrelevant; the feelings of it are the main focus. With Malevich's Red Square a peasant woman is depicted. Here Malevich is not trying to depict a pretty picture of a woman. Instead, he reduces the woman to a simple square and transmits her essence. The color red perhaps could represent anger and the slightly unsymmetrical lines of the square could represent unbalance.

Technology and environment

The advent of technology and industrialization has brought about tremendous changes in the lives of the people around the world. Innovations in science enabled humans to comprehend the various phenomena that occur in their natural environment. It cannot be denied that technology in all its forms has made our lives comfortable and our work easier, efficient and timely. However, the drastic changes in our environment that are now far-reaching and well-studied are very alarming. Take for example global warming, which is one of the major problem that people around the world need to mitigate the soonest possible time, is actually an offshoot of technological advances. With the growing concern for the gradually depletion of natural resources, as well as the fast-paced destruction of the earth, people are now debating over the negative impacts of technology to both human lives and the natural environment. This debate has resulted into the so called technological optimists and technological pessimists divide.According to Chasek, Downie, Brow (2006), technological optimism refers to people’s view that technology can harness our human capacities and also advance our development to a never-ending point. Technological optimism maintain that technology contributes a lot in the swift development of all aspects of human lives – social, economic, political, biological and even environmental aspects. Optimists assumed that technology will never cease to discover new innovations to cater to the needs of the times.Elliott (2004) on the other hand, presented the view of technological pessimists with reference to the negative impacts of science and technology to our natural environment. The advent of climate change has strengthened the point of debate in favor to the pessimists, claiming that climate change has been the greatest threat of technology to human lives. Technological pessimists assume that there has always been a limit to growth and development. Technologi cal pessimists argue that technology has been the major cause of global problems such as pollution and depletion of natural resource because of technology’s ability to harness people’s capacity to go beyond what they need.Both optimists and pessimists have something to say on the issue of technological advancement. Both have made justifications to prove that they are right. Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) provided several point on which to base the assumptions of the two technological perspectives. On the part of the optimists, environmental problems can be solved by inventing the latest technology that could solve the present global environmental crisis. Take for example the enhancement of nuclear power as source of energy. It can provide people with the energy they need for generations and it can help mitigate the increasing pollution in the atmosphere. Another example that could justify the views of the optimists according to Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) is the advent of t he World Wide Web or the internet. It made people’s lives easier and sharing of information has become too efficient and easy to access.The pessimists on the other hand justify their views with reference to the negative impacts that technology has caused the environment. The degradation of our natural resources has been greatly blamed on the massive industrialization brought about by technology. Another classic example is the transfer of agricultural technology to other countries, but proved to be futile because those technologies were not applicable to the situation of other countries. Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) added that technological pessimists maintained that development has a limit so as to preserve what has been left on the face of the planet earth.ReferencesChasek, P.S., Downie, D. and Brow, J. W. (2006). Global environmental politics. Boulder:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westview Press.Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P.   (2005). Paths to a green world: The polit ical economy of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   global environment. Cambridge: MIT Press.Elliott, L. (2004). The global politics of the environment. New York: NYU Press.

Procedure of Collecting Data in a Case Study

Procedure of Collecting Data in a Case Study The case study research explores an event, activity, person, process or program in depth. According to Williams (2005), it is a critical analysis of the single or bounded cases within a specified time frame. The structure of the research takes an extensive data collection procedure in the form of a problem, an issue, lesson or, context. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Procedure of Collecting Data in a Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Procedure of collecting data in a case study results from multiple resources such as observation, records, artefacts, interviews and general studies. The conclusion therefore portrays a connection to the studied theories. (Zechmeister et al, 2008) The observational research method, for instance the ethological studies facilitates surveillance and recording of phenomena. In most cases, the research studies are naturally qualitative. A well elaborated and detailed report includ es the measures of behaviour and time as qualitative surveys. Correlation research examines the variation between two or more variables for instance; a research can correlate the smoking habits to the diseases they cause. The techniques for caring out this research include collection of the experimental data, observation without manipulation, thus the difficulty in concluding on the causes and effects. Correlation involves a relationship but it is difficult to find out if it is a casual relationship. It is an exploration mainly built up at the beginning of the research since it lacks final verdict (Zechmeister et al, 2008). Experimental research is conducted in an effort to find an outcome or enforce control over other related variable beside the one on analysis. Experiments are mainly imposed on an independent variable in the laboratory for manipulation or comparison to find out its influence on the dependent variables. This research uses various control groups as the basis for co mparing the experiments. The quasi-experiment research has similarity to the true experiment due to major manipulation s and comparison, but the pre-existing control groups are naturally formed. The variables on study in this research are subject as opposed to independent for instance age. This forms a limitation to the conclusion however, other related variables can account for the same conclusion. According to Zechmeister et al (2008), sometimes these groups are out of control and thus can have different outcomes.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first project situation is ambiguous thus the possibility for various classifications, but it mainly involves observational research technique. The researcher monitors the behaviour of the girl and observably relates the reaction at various times, to adopt the conclusion that relates to the behaviour. The observational techni que is therefore backed by the correlation to deliver the result. The research has strong ethical implication due to the instance to determine behaviour through the observational technique. This seems like the mixed method approach such as combining the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The second situation utilizes the quasi experimental research technique because of the existing naturally pre-defined control groups, namely females and males. Scientifically, the behaviour of the student is the determining factor or sole measure of the possible need for affiliation. The experiment can be a basis for some ethical aspects because the act cannot explicitly determine behaviour. In the last scenario, the correlation research is used due to the variables present for analysis of behaviour. The variables: competitive and cooperative approaches determine the response or final decision by the researcher. Conclusion Today researchers implement various research finding methods in the aim s of qualitative or quantitative research to provide the desired results. The methods are however scientifically designed to offer communicative functions of various forms. In line with Zechmeister et al (2008), quantitative gives the final measure of reality while qualitative explores existence of better understanding of complex phenomenon. References Zechmeister, Jeanne, Zechmeister, Eugene, and Shaughnesey, John. (2008) Essential of Research Methods in Psychology. McGraw-Hill Williams, Carrie B. (2005). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Procedure of Collecting Data in a Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The lived experiences of women in executive positions of the United States federal civil service. D.M. dissertation, University of Phoenix, Arizona

Kozol Amazing Grace

Kozol Amazing Grace Introduction A non-fiction literature writer by the name Jonathan Kozol who is best known for his publications concerning public education wrote about the struggles, problems and challenges that the children of the poor people face in USA. He started writing about public education after he was fired from Boston Public Schools after teaching a Langston Hughes poem but later he was offered a job in the district that he grew up in, Newton Public Schools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kozol: Amazing Grace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kozol is considered a great educator and activist who did some great work in advocating for social justice mainly through his writings and interpreting scientific works e.g. in the field of social psychology (Schultz, 2001). Let us look at one of his writing, ‘Amazing Grace’. Kozol’s Work In this essay discusses the work of Kozol, Amazing Grace, in identifying the c hallenges and problems that America’s poor population faces in their day-to-day life. A larger percentage of the affected people are either black Americans or of Hispanic origins living in Bronx, St. Ann’s Avenue, Beckman Avenue, Cypress, Hunts point, Mott Haven, East Tremont among others. He introduces to us the disheartening experiences that these poor people face including discrimination and racial segregation. The most affected are the younger population especially children who are still dependent on their parents. He quotes when children are exposed to extreme hardships they are not hardened as people may think. The only thing that makes them survive is that they are usually full of hope and are more than willing to welcome better life. For instance the people who attend and live near St. Ann’s church are said to be the poorest in America, the pastor to this church was interviewed by Kozol and he mentioned that he had visited different parts of America and according to him this was the â€Å"poorest of the poorest by any standard he can think of† (Schultz, p 372). Statistical reports released showed that 95% of the residents of this area live below the poverty line. At a local elementary school at St. Ann’s Avenue, only less than ten children out of eight hundred children can comfortably afford their own lunch daily i.e. they are not dependent of the free lunches that are offered at the school. Five of the ten believe that they are just poor but not destitute and by this, the in most cases do not rely/ accept the free lunch offered (Schultz, p 372). As we know if poverty levels are extremely high then crime is most likely to be as high in the same areas and this reduces security in the areas. This is known to the government but nothing much is being done to manage the situation. The New York Times refers to this area, St. Ann’s Avenue, as â€Å"the deadliest blocks in the deadliest precinct of the city. They clai m that, if there is a deadlier place in the United States of America, they don’t know where it is† (Schultz, p 373).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is the precinct that in the early 90’s, when Kozol wrote his work, was leading in cases of homicide. Kozol says that a total of 84 people were murdered just a few months before he visited the area. Most of them were below 21 years of age. During his stay in the area another ten people were shot dead on Beckman Avenue and in this Avenue majority of the population are schoolchildren and this means that they were most likely exposed to this incidences. The following year which was 1993 on Valentine’s Day a whole family of six were shot in cold blood in their house and no one survived. Their house was only few blocks from them police but nothing was done to prevent the inhumane action from h appening (Schultz, p 373). The high crime rates as we have seen are promoted by the high poverty levels, but this is not the only outcome of the poverty. There is also a lot of drug use and poor health care. Talking of the drugs they also contribute to crime as we know and Mont Haven is the most affected area. Some analysis that Kozol quoted on his writing indicated that during the time of his research, there were over four thousands intravenous drug users most of which were addicts of heroin and cocaine. Intravenous drug users tend to promote the spread of HIV/ AIDS, a pandemic that has claimed a lot of lives all over the world. This is after sharing needles for injecting the drugs. Kozol says that after he interviewed several children from the areas I mentioned above, he concluded that at least every child in these areas knows of someone who died from AIDS, this may either be a neighbor or a relative. The most saddening news is that over 25 percent of all pregnant women that atten d prenatal clinic are tested positive of the HIV. From 1993 to the year 2000 over thirty eight thousand children were infected with HIV mostly through mother to child transition during or after birth. Most of these children only lived for one and a half years. Only 5% of them survived to 12 years and over 10,000 children were orphaned during this period. 20% of the 10,000 were residents of Mott Haven and they were mainly Hispanic or Black American. Kozol tells a saddening story of which was narrated to him as quoted below, â€Å"In one family, the father died two years ago and the mother is about to die. The four soon-to-be-orphaned children are being cared for by their 75-year-old grandmother. One of the children, a nine-year-old, is sick with full-blown AIDS. Another child, seven years old, is less sick but he’s been getting IV blood infusions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kozol: Amazing Grace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The six-year-old may be okay. But it’s the 13-year-old girl, who isn’t sick, who’s causing the most worries. She’s staying out all night, defying her grandmother. She stared to do this at 11, when her father died. Recently, this girl had an abortion† (Schultz, p 377). Asthma, fear and anxiety are some of the most common diseases and problems respectively that children from this areas face in their lives. Winter season is considered the worst weather since they are never well protected from the dangerous cold weather. Rarely the government is forced to distribute free electric blankets and sometimes space heaters to protect them from the cold. This leads to over loading on the electricity supply in these areas and they are forced to turn to sleeping bags as an alternative (Schultz, p 372). Conclusion The residents of these areas especially children have their comfort on one song which to them is like a prayer, â€Å"Amazing g race! How sweet the sound, that saved a wretch like me, I once was lost and now am found, was blind but now I see† This is according to Jonathan Kozol who sympathizes with them. References Schultz, F. â€Å"SOURCES: Notable selections in education.† New York: McGraw-Hill Dushkin, 2001, p 370-380.

Critical review a paper concerned with change Essay

Critical review a paper concerned with change - Essay Example The case study focuses on the beer distribution system and the structural inertia as a result of a long serving CEO. The case study also dwelled on the problems encountered in the company as a result of subsequent CEO successions and how these problems affected different levels of management. Organizational change is introduced so as to move the organization from the current state to a desirable state (Ragsdell, 2000). This can be achieved in several ways such as radical change and incremental change. The interaction between these two models can be evaluated using the punctuated equilibrium model of change. This is helpful for identifying two shapes of organizational change and elaborating on the link between these shapes. It also helps identify the role played by the top and middle management in implementing the two types of organizational change. A case study of Heineken can be used to illustrate the shapes of organizational change and the application of the punctuated equilibrium model. The company is ideal for identifying the factors determining a particular shape of organizational change. The research method was a case study of the Dutch beer brewing company. However, the findings of the case study cannot be generally valid since the research did not provide any general results. Further research is necessary before the findings can be extended to other companies in other industries. Heineken was selected due to the long history that is well documented with numerous sources of information regarding the company. On the other hand, the long history means that the company has dealt with several challenges of organizational change. The available sources have detailed information regarding the challenges experienced by Heineken when dealing with organizational change. In the late 1980s, the CEO of the company was changed, which had a large impact on the organization. Therefore, the choice of the case study was ideal since there were several journals and reviews that provide information about the company. The levels and changes in management make it easy to apply the punctuated equilibrium model of organizational change. Tushman and Romanelli (1985) developed the punctuated equilibrium model that proposes an interaction between incremental and radical organizational change. They argue that convergent periods experienced in an organization cause reorientation that demarks and sets the bearing for the coming convergent period. Long time spans of incremental change are referred to as convergent periods, and short periods of radical and discontinuous change are called reorientations. Organization change occurs in five domains: organization culture, structure, strategy, power distribution, and control systems (Romanelli and Tushman, 1994). These domains are central to activities of the organization and important for its survival. Activity domains interact in different levels of performance and inertia, which are the basic factors for organizatio nal change. Inconsistent activities lead to low performance and organizational failure. High performance is achieved when activities are consistent and coupled to each other. Although the punctuated equilibrium model suggests a distinction between radical and incremental change, Stace and Dunphy (1996) propose four types of change. The first type is fine tuning where change is a continuous process characterized by a match between strategy, structure, processes, and people. The second type is incremental

What do you think comprises reality Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What do you think comprises reality - Term Paper Example We do not have a direct perception of substances in minds, but only a representation of them. What we know is not what is inherent to the substances, but only the secondary and primary qualities. Thus, according to Locke, the substances are bodies, which are material, and souls, which are immaterial. Then there is God. He explains the existence of God, not from inherent ideas, but from sense-experience. Their basic substance is assumed from the perception of physical qualities, since qualities must have a solid basis. Likewise, a spiritual soul is formed from the observation of mental operations. We perceive bodies through sensation and have a lucid and instant idea of our soul by reflection. The outside world is independent of the mind. The presence of real objects is what causes real sensations in us (Tully 53). Locke further says there are interactions between the body and mind, both of which are real beings, resulting in the actions of our bodies and minds. The changes experience d by the soul are as a result of its being acted on by outside bodies. On Locke’s third substance, God, he provides that we shape an idea of God by expanding or taking to infinity the rules and objects of our sensations and reflections. What we experience are existence, extension, knowledge and power. Taking them to infinity is our idea of God (Tully 67). Descartes described a substance as a particular thing. He argues that there are material or physical substances and thinking substances, the mind. The substances have characteristics called modes. Modes of physical substances include their location in time, space, shape and volume. The mode of thinking substances includes ideas, judgments and desires of the subject. Every substance has an essential property. The essential property of a material substance is occupying space and time. The essential property of a thinking substance is thinking. Therefore, having ideas, believing or desiring are ways of thinking, and having a sh ape and volume are ways of occupying space and time. Descartes further divides material substances into finite and infinite. Examples of finite materials are human bodies, plants and earth. Likewise, human minds are finite thinking substances. Adding a third substance, he says God is an infinite substance. Therefore, according to Descartes, there are three types of substances; modes, finite substances, and infinite substance. Descartes views reality as relative and divides them into formal and objective reality. Formal is the kind of reality something possesses by merit of the type of thing it is. Infinite substances, finite substances, and modes possess formal reality in varying degrees. Modes have the least formal reality, followed by finite substances then infinite substance in ascending order. The amount of formal reality contained in something is determined by its dependence on another for its existence. The higher the dependence something has on another for existence, the less the formal reality it contains. Modes depend on finite substances, and in turn finite substances depend on infinite substances for existence (Tully 41). For example, the shape of a ball would not exist without a ball, but a ball could exist without that shape. On objective reality, Descartes contributes that first it is only possessed by representation. This means that it is possessed by things that stand for other things. Basically, these are ideas. Examples of representations